fvi‡Zi AvMÖvmx
K‚UbxwZ Ges fviZcš’x Ackw³i Aš—N©v‡Z mvK© kxl© m‡¤§jb fÊyj n‡q hvIqvq evsjv‡`k
nZvk I ¶zä| evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl w`jxi GB weMeªv`vimyjf AvPi‡Yi cybive„wˇZ kw¼Z|
eo †`‡ki ¶z`ª gb †h AvÂwjK ch©v‡q K‡Zv eo wech©q †W‡K Avb‡Z cv‡i, fviZ Zvi
cÖgvY| GKZidv †jb-†`‡b eiveiB fviZ jvfevb n‡Z †P‡q‡Q| wb‡Ri ¯^v_© Z¨v‡Mi †Zv
cÖkœB †bB, cÖwZ‡ekxi b¨vqm½Z Ges cÖvK…wZK wnm¨vUzKz w`‡ZI fviZ KLbI Avš—wiK bq|
mœvqyhy‡×i ci GKK wek¦e¨e¯’vi i½g‡Â gvwK©b †cÖwm‡W›U eyk mv‡n‡ei gnv mgªvUmyjf
Avwef©v‡ei cvkvcvwk fviZ G A‡j Avi GKRb mgªv‡Ui f~wgKvq Avwef~©Z| kw³ kVZv
Aš—N©v‡Z w`jx me¸‡jv cÖwZ‡ekx †`k‡K e„wUk iv‡R¨i g‡Zv Ô†`kxq iv‡R¨iÕ †ekx wKQz
gh©v`v w`‡Z cÖ¯‘Z bq| fvwM¨m, cvwK¯—vb GKcÖKvi ÔNvm †L‡qBÕ fvi‡Zi cÖwZi¶v kw³i
AnsKviP~Y© K‡i w`‡q cvigvYwbK A¯¿ evbv‡Z m¶g n‡qwQj| Ab¨_vq cvwK¯—vb‡K nq
fviZxq Avh©-wn›`y‡`i gnvfviZxq †kŠ‡h©i Kv‡Q bZRvby n‡q _vK‡Z n‡Zv| GKvwaK hy‡×
fviZ cvwK¯—vb‡K ¶Z-we¶Z I LwÊZ K‡i‡Q| fvi‡Z Ggb †jvK‡`i Afve †bB, hviv
cvwK¯—v‡bi Aw¯—Z¡ gy‡Q †d‡j 1947-Gi wefvM c~e© ALÊ fvi‡Zi f~‡Mvj wbg©vY Ki‡Z
Pvq| Õ47-Gi wefw³i †e`bv‡K ey‡K †P‡c cÖwZwnsmvi DËß wÎk~j wb‡¶‡ci Db¥v`bvq
fviZxq wn›`yZ¡ fqvenfv‡e cÖ¯‘Z| fvi‡Zi mv‡eK mgvRZš¿x cÖwZi¶vgš¿x RR© dvb©v‡›`R
cvwK¯—v‡bi Aw¯—Z¡ wbwðý Kivi ûgwK ch©š— w`‡qwQ‡jb| 1971 mv‡ji hy‡× evsjv‡`‡ki
Afy¨`q‡K cÖgvYm~Î Dc¯’vcb K‡i fvi‡Zi PvYK¨ cwÊZiv ej‡jb, wØ-RvwZZË¡ Gevi wg_¨v
cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| wØ-RvwZ ZË¡ wg_¨v cÖgvY n‡j ¯^vaxb-mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªxq
†PŠnÏx i¶vi hyw³ I wfwË _v‡K bv| A_P fviZxq Ks‡MÖm PvYK¨‡`i my‡i myi wgwj‡q
evsjv‡`‡k hviv GKB K_v e‡j `v`v‡`i Kv‡Q ÔAmv¤cÖ`vwqKÕ n‡Z Pvb, Zv‡`i cy‡ivavivB
evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi iv‡óªi †PŠnÏx wba©viY Ki‡Z wM‡q D‡jL Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡q‡Qb,
1971-Gi 25 gvP© ch©š— hv c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi ivóªxq mxgvbv †PŠnÏx wQj, ZvB n‡e
¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªxq mxgvbv| D‡jL¨, i¨vUwK¬d †iv‡q`v` Abyhvqx 1947 mv‡ji
ci †_‡K fviZI cvwK¯—v‡bi mxgvbv‡K Avš—R©vwZK mxgvbv wn‡m‡e †g‡b Avm‡Q| Aek¨
msweav‡b mv‡eK c~e© cvwK¯—vb‡K evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªxq †PŠnÏx wn‡m‡e D‡jL Kivq fviZ
wb‡R‡KI wbivc` fve‡Q| 1971-Gi gyw³hy‡×i mgq cwðgevsjv, Avmvg, wÎcyivi evsMvjxiv
hv‡Z RvZxqZvev`x D¾xe‡b w`jxi k„•Lj †Quovi †Kvb msµgY avivq wec_Mvgx bv n‡Z
cv‡i, w`jxi KZ©v e¨w³iv †m Kvi‡Y Dfq cv‡oi ÔevsMvjx‡`iÕ wgj-wgk †ek bRi`vix‡Z
†i‡L‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq cZvKvi cÖ_g ms¯‹i‡Y w`jx‡K Avk¦¯— Kivi Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki
gvbwP‡Îi cÖwZK„wZ cÖwZ¯’vcb Kiv n‡qwQj| wØ-RvwZZË¡ wg_¨v n‡q †M‡j cvwK¯—vbI Avi
¯^Zš¿ ¯^vaxb ivóªmËv wb‡q wU‡K _vKvi hyw³ Lyu‡R cv‡e bv| cvwK¯—vb AvRI jv‡nv‡ii
ev`kvnx gq`v‡b wgbvi-B-cvwK¯—vb-Gi †`qvjMv‡Î g~j I ms‡kvwaZ jv‡nvi cÖ¯—v‡ei
HwZnvwmK `wjj †k¦Zcv_‡i DrKxY© K‡i †i‡L‡Q| evsjv, D`y© I Bs‡iRx fvlvq DrKxY©
jv‡nvi cÖ¯—vewU AvRI ivR‰bwZK wefvR‡bi `wjj wn‡m‡e `k©K‡`i Drmvn wbeviY K‡i|
Aek¨ GB jv‡nvi cÖ¯—v‡eB Avmvg wb‡q fvi‡Zi c~e©v‡j gymwjg ivóª cÖwZôvi †mv”Pvi
`vex D”PvwiZ n‡q‡Q| Avmvg AvRI evsjv‡`k cvqwb| HwZnvwmKfv‡eB Avmv‡gi Ici
evsjv‡`‡ki `vex Av‡Q| A_P wKQzw`b Av‡MI †MŠnvwƇZ we‡Rwci DMÖev`x †bZv cÖexY
†ZMvwoqv Avmv‡gi evsMvjx gymjgvb‡`i DrLvZ K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki mxgvš— AÂj `Lj K‡i
cybe©vm‡bi K_v e‡j †M‡Qb| i¨vUwK¬d †iv‡q`v` Abyhvqx evsjv‡`k Zvi cÖvc¨
gywk©`vev`, wm‡j‡Ui KwigMÄmn we¯—xY© GjvKv AvRI fvi‡Zi †c‡Ui †fZi †_‡K D×vi
Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| eis fviZ evsjv‡`‡ki eZ©gvb †PŠnÏx wb‡qI AvMÖvmx gZje AuvU‡Q| 1974
mv‡ji gywRe-Bw›`iv Pzw³‡KI w`jx msm‡` Ôi¨vwUdvBÕ K‡iwb|
Ggb GK fvi‡Zi
mv‡_ Avgv‡`i emevm Ki‡Z n‡”Q, †h †`kwU Zvi cÖwZ‡ekx‡`i ¯^Zš¿ ¯^vaxb Aw¯—Z¡
¯^xKvi K‡i bv| 9/11-Gi ci gymwjg we‡ivax be¨ µz‡mWvi‡`i mv‡_ fvi‡Zi AvMÖvmx
cwjwmi GKUv mgš^q N‡U‡Q| fviZ‡K eyw×-Ávb I mn‡hvwMZv w`‡Z GwM‡q G‡m‡Q gymwjg
Rvnv‡bi wPwýZ `ykgb BmivBj| BmivB‡ji mv‡_ fvi‡Zi mv¤cÖwZK eûgyLx m¤úK© G A‡ji
me¸‡jv †`‡ki Rb¨ gnvwec‡`i BswMZ| GB hLb G A‡ji Ae¯’v ZLb gvwK©b †Mv‡q›`v
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A‡¯¿i Uvj mvgjv‡Z bv †c‡i GKwU AKvh©Ki iv‡óª cwiYZ n‡e| Aek¨ cwð‡gi wKQz fvov‡U
w_sK U¨vs‡Ki cwÊZiv evsjv‡`k‡KI AKvh©Ki ivóª wn‡m‡e †`Lvi Avkv Ki‡Qb| e¨_© I
AKvh©Ki ivóª ZË¡ †gŠjev`x-R½x Acev‡`i cieZx© ms¯‹iY| mevB Rv‡bb, cvwK¯—vb
gvwK©b A_©‰bwZK Ae‡iv‡ai gy‡L †L‡q bv †L‡q cvigvYweK A¯¿ AvqË K‡i‡Q| W. Avãyj
Kvw`i Lvbmn †h me RvZxq exi GB Amva¨ mvab K‡i RvZxq †MŠie AR©‡bi w`Kcvj, Zviv
AvR Avmvgxi KvVMovq Rxeb-g„Zy¨i †`vjvq| Zv‡`i wei“‡× Awf‡hvM, Zviv cvK KZ©„c‡¶i
A‡MvP‡i we‡`‡k cvigvYweK cÖhyw³ cvPvi K‡i‡Qb| GB GKZidv Awf‡hv‡Mi Lmov G‡m‡Q
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KviI †jvgk nvZ G‡m c‡o‡Q wKbv| fviZ mvK©-Gi AvÂwjK mn‡hvwMZv ms¯’vi bxwZgvjvq
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AbyMvgx, bZRvby miKvi cÖwZôv K‡i ÔMerger AgreementÕ ev fvi‡Zi mv‡_ wejyßKiY Pzw³‡Z kvwgj
K‡i e„nr fvi‡Zi ¯^cœ c~iY Ki‡Z Pvq| HwZnvwmK Z_¨m~‡Î cªgvwYZ †h, GB ÔgvR©viÕ
Z‡Ë¡i Avw` D™¢veK-cwÊZ RIni jvj †b‡ni“| Avn‡g`bM‡ii `y‡M© e›`x _vKvKv‡j cwÊZ
†b‡ni“ wj‡L‡Qb : Ò....fviZel©‡K cÖK…Zc‡¶ GKwU ev `yÕwU ev Zvi †P‡q †ekx RvwZ
ejv n‡e wK n‡e bv Zv‡Z mwZ¨ wKQz Av‡m hvq bv| KviY RvwZmËvi AvaywbK aviYvi m‡½
ivóªxq GK‡Ki †Kvb m¤úK© †bB| RvwZMZ ivóª eZ©gv‡b GKK wn‡m‡e AZ¨š— †QvU Ges
†QvUiv‡óªi †Kvb ¯^vaxb Aw¯—Z¡B _vK‡Z cv‡i bv|Ó [ÔwWmKfvix Ae BwÛqvÕ, jÛb 1956,
c„ôv 545] KwjKvZvi hv`ecyi wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BwZnvm wefv‡Mi Aa¨vcK AwgZ fÆvPvh©
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e„nr RvwZivóªÕ (ÔSuper
national StateÕ) wn‡m‡e M‡o IVv, hv
ga¨cÖvP¨ †_‡K `w¶Y-c~e© Gwkqv ch©š— we¯—…Z Ges hv cÖkvš— gnvmvMixq A‡j
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gv‡b bv| hw`I fviZ wZeŸ‡Zi Ici Px‡bi AwaKvi ¯^xKvi K‡i Pxbv‡`i m™¢ve †c‡Z
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