fviZ Avgv‡`i mxgvš— GjvKv w`‡q Zv‡`i mxgvš—
i¶xevwnbxi mnvqZvq evsjvfvlx fviZxq gymjgvb‡`i ÔA‰ea AbycÖ‡ekKvixÕ evsjv‡`kx
wPwýZ K‡i ÔcykBbÕ K‡i evsjv‡`‡k †V‡j cvVv‡”Q| GUv‡K Avgiv ÔcykBb AvMÖvmbÕ
wn‡m‡eB wPwýZ Ki‡Z PvB| hw`I †hŠ_ Z`viKx ev †Kvb Avš—R©vwZK wbi‡c¶ Z`‡š—i
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fvi‡Zi †K›`ªxq miKvi G iKgB `vex K‡i Avm‡Q| Avi my‡hvM †c‡jB wØ-cvw¶K ˆeV‡K
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Kviv, KLb, Kxfv‡e evsjv‡`k †_‡K fvi‡Zi ÔDc‡P cov ¯^v”Q‡›`¨i Uv‡b evsjv‡`k †_‡K
fvi‡Z wM‡q gRv jyU‡Q, fviZxq cÖwZc¶ Zvi †Kvb e¨vL¨v †`qwb| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi
ci †_‡KB RbmsL¨vi w¯’wZ I cwie„w×i cwimsL¨vb Av‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki RbùxwZi avivq
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Avgv‡`i wb‡R‡`i RbmsL¨vi avivevwnK NbZ¡ I ev¯—e wP‡Î GKUv Mowgj nevi K_v| †h
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cÖwZ‡ekx fvi‡Z P‡j †M‡j mxgv‡š— ixwZg‡Zv cÖjqKvÊ n‡q hvevi K_v| fvi‡Zi mxgvš—i¶xiv
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G‡b‡Q, Ggb NUbvi bwRi †bB| GgbwK fviZ GB ÒA‰ea AbycÖ‡ekKvixiÓ Bmy¨ Avš—R©vwZK
ms¯’v ev m¤cÖ`vq‡K Rvbvqwb| fvi‡Z †h me we‡`kx ivóª`~Z Av‡Qb, Zv‡`i‡KI Zviv G
welqwU AewnZ K‡iwb| A_ev evsjv‡`k †_‡K DbœZ Rxeb RxweKvi A‡š^l‡Y `‡j `‡j jv‡L
jv‡L gvbyl †`kvš—ix n‡h fvi‡Z wM‡q‡Q, G iKg †Kvb Lei fviZ, evsjv‡`k ev we‡k¦i
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Avg‡j cÖ_g ïi“ nq| H mgq evsjvfvlx gymwjg Rb‡Mvôx‡K gy¤^vB Avn‡g`vev`mn fvi‡Zi
wewfbœ wkíbMixi ew¯— GjvKv †_‡K cywjk-weGmGd w`‡q cvKovI K‡i K¨v‡¤ú R‡ov Kiv
nq| Gici Zv‡`i‡K †Uª‡b ev evm‡hv‡M cywjkx KW©‡b evsjv‡`k msjMœ fviZxq mxgvš—
GjvKvq R‡ov Kiv nq| my‡hvM †c‡jB weGmGd G‡`i cykBb K‡i evsjv‡`‡k †V‡j †`q| Z‡e
G ch©š— wewWAvi Zv‡`i mZK© cÖwZ‡iv‡ai gva¨‡g weGmGd-Gi GKvwaK cykBb AvMÖvmb
cÖwZ‡iva K‡i‡Q| wewfbœ Iqv‡Kenvj gnj g‡b K‡ib, Gme fvM¨vnZ evsjvfvlx gymwjg
bvMwiK fvi‡Zi wewfbœ evsjvfvlx ivR¨ †_‡K A_©‰bwZK, cÖvK…wZK I mvgvwRK-agx©q
mwnsmZvq wbR f~wg †Q‡o fvi‡Zi wewfbœ wkí bMixi kªgRxex gvbyl wn‡m‡e †Kvbg‡Z
†eu‡P e‡Z© _vKvi Kmir Ki‡Q| wbe©vP‡b Giv we‡Rwc, Ks‡MÖm wKsev evg †RvU‡K †fvU
†`‡e wKbv, G wb‡q fviZxq ivRbxwZ DËß _v‡K| Gme Kvi‡YI A‰ea evsjv‡`kx Bmy¨ ˆZix
Kiv n‡q‡Q e‡j A‡b‡K g‡b K‡ib| Avevi GB Bmy¨‡Z evsjv‡`k‡K Nv‡qj KiviI AvMÖvmx
AwfmwÜ bqvw`jxi i‡q‡Q|
fviZ h‡ZveviB evsjv‡`‡ki Kv‡Q A‰ea AbycÖ‡ekKvix
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evsjv‡`k e‡j‡Q, fvi‡Z †Kvb evsjv‡`kx †bB Ges fvi‡Z Av_©-mvgvwRK cwi¯’wZ
evsjv‡`‡ki †P‡q mg„× bq e‡j †mLv‡b `yB †KvwU gvby‡li ûgwi †L‡q covi cÖkœB I‡V
bv| evsjv‡`‡ki wei“‡× AviI A‡bK wg_¨vPv‡ii g‡Zv GUvI w`jxi Avi GKwU Wvnv
wg_¨vPvi| eQiLv‡bK Av‡M, w`jxi kvmb ¶gZvq we‡Rwc _vK‡Z, KÆi wn›`yev`x †bZv
cÖexY †ZMvwoqv Avmv‡gi †MŠnvwU GjvKvq G‡m e‡j †M‡Qb, cÖ‡qvR‡b fviZxq ˆmb¨ w`‡q
evsjv‡`‡ki mxgvš—eZx© GjvKv `Lj K‡i H me Z_vKw_Z evsjvfvlx A‰ea AbycÖ‡ekKvix‡`i
cybe©vmb Kiv n‡e| Avmv‡gi gymwjg Awaevmx‡`i wei“‡× H ûgwK D”PvwiZ n‡qwQj| 1947
mv‡ji c~‡e© †h me evsMvjx gymjgvb Z`vbxš—b c~e©e½ †_‡K Avmv‡g wM‡q Avmv‡gi
eb-evMvo cwi®‹vi K‡i †mLv‡b emwZ ¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb, Zviv fvi‡Zi Ab¨vb¨ ¯’vb †_‡K
wM‡q †h me gvbyl Avmv‡g emwZ M‡o‡Qb, Zv‡`i g‡ZvB Avmv‡gi gvwU gvbyl I cÖK…wZi
mv‡_ GKvZ¥ n‡q †M‡Qb| Zviv Avmv‡gi ˆea bvMwiK| Giv Ab¨vb¨ Awfevmx‡`i g‡ZvB
Avmv‡g _vK‡eb| GK mgq gvIjvbv fvmvbx Avmvg †_‡K ÔevsMvj †L`vIÕ Awfhvb cÖwZ‡iva
K‡iwQ‡jb| 1905 mv‡ji esMf‡½i gvbwP‡Î Avmvg wQj XvKv †Kw›`ªK c~e©evsjvi RgR
†evb| wn›`yiv lohš¿-mwnsmvq Avmvg‡K wQwb‡q wb‡q‡Q| AvRI Avmvg w`jxi ek gv‡bwb|
fvi‡Z fvlv-eY©-¯’vb wbwe©‡k‡l cÖwZwU gymjgvbB
wecbœ| GgbwK msm` m`‡m¨i g‡Zv GwjU gymjgvb‡`i Rxe‡bi wbivcËvI †bB| ¸Riv‡Ui Ks‡MÖm
`jxq GKRb mv‡eK msm` m`m¨‡K Zvi cwievimn wbR evox‡ZB AwMœ`» n‡q cy‡o gi‡Z
n‡q‡Q| cywjk Zv‡K D×vi Ki‡Z hvqwb Ges AwMœ wbe©vcK `gKjevwnbx DbœZ wn›`y‡`i
cÖwZ‡iva AwZµg K‡i Av¸b wbfv‡Z †h‡Z cvwiwb| †hLv‡b fvi‡Zi gymjgvbivB Rxeb mnvq
m¤ú` I m¤£g wb‡q wbivc` bq, †mLv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki gymjgvbiv †Kvb fimvq, wK‡mi †bkvq
fvi‡Z wM‡q emevm Ki‡Z hv‡e? myZivs fvi‡Z A‰ea evsjv‡`kx AbycÖ‡ekKvix Bmy¨ GKwU
fyqv Bmy¨|
wKš‘ ZviciI evsjv‡`k‡K fvi‡Zi cykBb AvMÖvmb
†gvKvwejv Ki‡Z n‡”Q| w`bvRcy‡ii cÂMomn Dˇii wewfbœ mxgvš— c‡_i fviZxq As‡k
weGmGd cykBb-Gi Rb¨ fviZxq gymjgvb‡`i R‡ov K‡i‡Q| Zv‡`i AvZ©bv` Gcvo †_‡KI
†kvbv hvq| BwZg‡a¨ †ek K‡qK¯’v‡b fviZxq evsjvfvlx‡K cykBb K‡i evsjv‡`‡k †V‡j
†`qv n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki mgMÖ mxgvš— Ry‡o †iW GjvU© cwiw¯’wZ weivR Ki‡Q| gy¤^vB,
w`jx I cwðg w`bvRcyimn fvi‡Zi wewfbœ GjvKv †_‡K evsjvfvlx gymjgvb fviZxq
bvMwiK‡`i †eIqvwi‡ki g‡Zv weGmGd w`‡q cvKovI K‡i fviZxq Wvw¤ús c‡Y¨i g‡Zv
evsjv‡`‡k †V‡j †`qv n‡”Q| Gme nZfvM¨ gymwjg bvMwiK‡`i AgvbweK cwiw¯’wZ‡Z w`‡bi
ci w`b Aa©vnv‡i Abvnv‡i GK fxwZKi cwiw¯’wZ‡Z ivLv n‡”Q| ¯^vgxi KvQ †_‡K ¯¿x Ges
wcZvi KvQ †_‡K mš—vb‡`i wew”Qbœ K‡i G‡`i GK Awfkß †e`bv`vqK Ae¯’vq †V‡j †`qv
n‡q‡Q| gymwjg bvix‡`i Ici Pvjv‡bv n‡”Q cvkweK wbh©vZb|
D‡jL¨, MZ c¶Kvj a‡i weGmGd cykBb AvMÖvmb
Pvjv‡”Q| Gi †cQ‡b i‡q‡Q cwðg evsjv ivR¨ miKv‡ii AvMÖn Ges w`jxi g``|
wewWAvi-Gi Kov cÖnivi Kvi‡Y eo ai‡bi cykBb AvMÖvmb Kiv m¤¢e n‡”Q bv| wKš‘
weGmGd-Gi cykBb AvMÖvm‡bi Kvi‡Y mxgvš— Ry‡o D‡ËRbv I Aw¯’iZv Pj‡Q| cÂMo GjvKvi
fRbcyi, fvDjvMÄ, †UKvcvov, †mvbcvwZjv, †iŠkbcyi, emvjycvov, WvbvKvUv, gqbv¸wo
mxgvš— GjvKv †_‡K cÖvß m‡iRwgb wi‡cv‡U© Rvbv †M‡Q, cykBb Kiv gwnjv‡`i `yie¯’v
†`‡L ¯’vbxq †jvKRb cyke¨v‡Ki Rb¨ Zv‡`i wewWAv‡ii Kv‡Q Zz‡j bv w`‡q gvbweK Kvi‡Y
Zv‡`i‡K Mvwo‡Z Zz‡j Ab¨Î cvwV‡q †`q| GKwU m~‡Î Rvbv †M‡Q, gwnjviv ïay m¤£gB
nvivqwb| bicïiv A‡bK bvixi kixi Kvg‡o †MvkZ wQ‡o‡Q| Gw`‡K wewWAvi m~Î e‡j‡Q,
†iŠkbcyi I wPjnvwU w`‡q cykBb Kiv 15 Rb‡K cyke¨vK K‡i fvi‡Z †dir cvVv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
Z‡e weGmGd `yÕGKw`b ci ci cykBb-Gi GjvKv cwieZ©b K‡i evsjvfvlx gymjgvb‡`i ¶z`ª
¶z`ª `j MVb K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki †fZ‡i XywK‡q †`qvi †Póv Ae¨vnZ †i‡L‡Q| weGmGd
mxgv‡š—i Icv‡k cwiLv Lbb K‡i hy×ve¯’vi cÖ¯‘wZ ch©š— wb‡”Q e‡j Lei cvIqv †M‡Q|
DËi mxgvš— QvovI `w¶Y-cwðg mxgvš— GjvKvqI cykBb AvZ‡¼ wewWAvi mZK© Ae¯’vq
i‡q‡Q| †Kvb †Kvb c‡q‡›U wewWAvi-weGmGd gy‡LvgywL Ae¯’vb wb‡q‡Q| weGmGd-Gi Kv‡Q
d¬vM wgwUs-Gi cÖ¯—ve cvVv‡bv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ weGmGd †Kvb mvov †`qwb| weGmGd
cykBb-Gi Rb¨ hv‡`i R‡ov K‡i‡Q, Zv‡`i GLbI †dir cvVvqwb| G‡ZB †evSv hvq, Zviv
cykBb-Gi my‡hvM LyuR‡Q|
fviZxq GjvKvi nwi`vmcyi, nvwKgcyi I Rqš—xcyimn
wewfbœ mxgvš— c‡q‡›U `yÕkZvwaK evsjvfvlx‡K weGmGd †Lvjv AvKv‡ki bx‡P R‡ov K‡i
†i‡L‡Q| wewWAvi-Gi `vwqZ¡kxj m~Î Rvwb‡q‡Q, mxgv‡š— cykBb AvMªvmb wb‡q cwiw¯’wZ
DËß i‡q‡Q| wSbvB`‡ni hv`ecyi mxgv‡š—i Icv‡o †V‡j cvVv‡bvi Rb¨ R‡ov Kiv
gvbylRb‡K †Lvjv AvKv‡ki bx‡P †d‡j ivLv n‡q‡Q| G‡`i bqvw`jx I Zvi DcKÉ †_‡K a‡i
Avbv n‡q‡Q| Iw`‡K fvi‡Zi Af¨š—‡i AvUK cÖwµqv Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q| evsjvfvlx gymjgvb‡`i
kbv³ Kivi Rb¨ evsMvjx cywjk wb‡qvM Kiv n‡q‡Q|
h‡kvi I wSbvB`n mxgv‡š— cykB‡b e¨_© n‡q weGmGd
mvZ¶xiv mxgvš— w`‡q cykB‡bi cÖwµqv Pvjv‡”Q| bvbvfv‡e e¨_© n‡q weGmGd bZzb †KŠkj
wb‡”Q| h‡kv‡ii †ebv‡cvj I wSbvB`‡ni hv`ecyi mxgv‡š— weGmGd †Rvic~e©K cykBb Ki‡Z
†P‡qI Zviv cv‡iwb| weGmGd wewWAv‡ii Kov cvnviv Gov‡bvi Rb¨ †PvivPvjvbx I ayo
bv‡g wKbv cvm‡cv‡U© `y'†`‡ki g‡a¨ hvZvqv‡Zi Rb¨ wPwýZ Db¥y³ mvZ¶xiv mxgvš— †e‡Q
wb‡q‡Q e‡j Rvbv †M‡Q|
mxgvš— Ry‡o hLb fviZxq weGmGd `ye©„Ëcbv K‡i
hv‡”Q, evsjv‡`‡ki wgwWqvq cÖKvwkZ Gme wi‡cvU© mZ¨ I mwVK bq| fviZxq nvB Kwgkbvi
MZ 30 A‡±vei cvVv‡bv GK †cÖm weÁw߇Z `vex K‡i‡Q, fviZxq mxgvš— i¶xevwnbx evsjv
fvlvfvlx fviZxq gymjgvb‡`i evsjv‡`‡k †Rvi K‡i cykBb K‡i‡Q e‡j evsjv‡`‡ki
MYgva¨‡g 21 A‡±vei †_‡K †h wi‡cvU© cÖPvi Ki‡Q, Zv ÔwfwËnxb I mwVK bq|Õ Zviv
AviI e‡j‡Q, weGmGd Øviv evsjv fvlvfvlx fviZxq gymjgvb‡`i evsjv‡`‡k cykBb Kivi
†Kvb NUbv N‡Uwb| †Kvb fviZxq KZ©„c‡¶i Øviv Ab¨ †Kvb †`‡ki A‡j fviZxq bvMwiK‡`i
†Rvi K‡i XywK‡q †`qvi cÖkœB I‡V bv| weGmGd AZx‡Z wKsev m¤cÖwZ †Kvb fviZxq
bvMwiK‡K †Rvi K‡i evsjv‡`‡k †V‡j †`qwb| G Kvi‡Y †h NUbv N‡Uwb, Zv eÜ Kivi
e¨e¯’v †bIqvi cÖkœB I‡V bv|
j¶¨Yxq fviZxq nvB Kwgkb wKš‘ e‡jwb †h, mxgv‡š—
Av‡`Š †Kvb cykBb NUbv N‡Uwb| †h‡nZz fviZ hv‡`i cykBb Ki‡Q, Zv‡`i‡K fviZxq
bvMwiK e‡j ¯^xKvi K‡i bv, Zv‡`i‡K Zviv Òevsjv‡`kx A‰ea AbycÖ‡ekKvixÓ wn‡m‡e
†`‡L, †m Kvi‡Y fviZxq nvBKwgk‡bi †`qv e³‡e¨i PvZzh© inm¨RbK| A_©vr Zviv ej‡Z
Pvq †h, evsjv‡`‡k cykBb K‡i hw` KvD‡K †V‡j †`qv n‡q _v‡K, Z‡e Zviv fviZxq
evsjvfvlx gymjgvb bb| fviZxq nvBKwgk‡bi GB e³‡e¨i gv‡S Zv‡`i wPivPwiZ PvbK¨myjf
PvZzh© i‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki Awf‡hvM wg_¨v cÖgv‡Yi mr mvnm _vK‡j fvi‡Zi DwPr †hŠ_
Z`‡š— evsjv‡`k‡K mnvqZv Kiv| mxgv‡š— cykBb wb‡q †Zvjcvo n‡q hv‡”Q, A_P fviZxq
nvBKwgkb Zv‡K ej‡Q evsjv‡`kx wgwWqvi D™¢U Avwe®‹vi| wgwWqv wewWAvi m~Î QvovI
m‡iRwgb AwfÁZvi Ici wi‡cvU© K‡i‡Q| fviZxq nvBKwgk‡bi mr mvnm _vK‡j evsjv‡`kx
wgwWqvi †jvK‡`i wb‡q mxgvš— GjvKv Ny‡i Avm‡Z cv‡ib|
Gw`‡K fviZxq nvBKwgk‡bi AmZ¨ fv‡l¨i ci w`bB cÂMo
mxgv‡š— †di weGmGd ¸wj K‡i‡Q Ges 16 Rb‡K cyke¨vK K‡i‡Q| cÂMo mxgv‡š— GK`j
evsjvfvlx‡K R‡ov K‡i weGmGd cykB‡bi †Póv Pvwj‡q e¨_© nq| G NUbv MZ †iveev‡ii|
wewWAvi I ¯’vbxq †jvKR‡bi cÖwZ‡iv‡a weGmGd cykB‡b e¨_© nq| G mgq weGmGd `yÕivDÛ
duvKv ¸wj K‡i| wewWAvi ˆa‡h©i cwiPq †`q| cÂMo QvovI kwbevi iv‡Z weGmGd
jvjgwbinvU, KzwoMÖvg I bxjdvgvixi mxgvš— w`‡q cykB‡bi †Póv Pvjvq| wKš‘ wewWAvi
I ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi wgwjZ cÖwZ‡iv‡a Zv e¨_© n‡q hvq| cykBb wb‡q D‡ËRbv Pj‡Q
†ebv‡cvj mxgv‡š—I|
Avm‡Q Rvbyqvix‡Z XvKvq mvK© kxl© m‡¤§jb AbywôZ n‡Z
hv‡”Q| ciivóªgš¿x †gvi‡k` Lvb fviZxq cÖavbgš¿x W. gb‡gvnb wms‡K hLb H kxl©
m‡¤§j‡b †hvM`v‡bi Rb¨ `vIqvZ w`‡Z hv‡”Qb, wVK ZLbB weGmGd w`jxi wb‡`©‡k cykBb
AvMÖvmb ïi“ K‡i‡Q| wØ-cvw¶K m¤úK©‡K wecbœ Kiv Ges mvK© kxl© m‡¤§j‡bi Ici Gi
GKUv †bwZevPK cÖfve we¯—v‡ii j¶¨ wKbv, Zv wb‡q m‡›`n †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k
wn›`y m¤cÖ`v‡qi c~Rvcve©b‡K †K›`ª K‡i
hviv mv¤cÖ`vwqK msNvZ euvav‡Z †P‡q e¨_© n‡q‡Q, Zviv fvi‡Zi cykBb AvMÖvm‡b †eRvq
Lykx| Gi Av‡M AvIqvgx jxM mgv‡e‡k †MÖ‡bW nvgjvi ci fviZxq wgwWqv evsjv‡`‡ki wei“‡×
nvgjv Pvjv‡bvi D¯‹vwb w`‡qwQj| cykBb AvMÖvmb wK ZviB BswMZ?
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